I3 WM 使用

I3 WM是一个非常轻量平铺式linux桌面管理器，可自由定制
可以几乎不需要鼠标在workspace,terminal 之间来回切换

OS: Ubuntu 22.04

1
apt-get install i3

注销退出，在登录界面选择桌面 I3

进入提示生成默认配置，绑定Key 比如Win，配置生成 ~/.config/i3/config
大部分key binding 没有动
注意 移动相关 默认 是 jkl; 不是hjkl

  1. mod 设置win

  2. 启动器dmenu改成rofi,dmenu 只能搜索path 不能执行desktop

  3. 设置picom 透明合成器

  4. scrot 截图

  5. 分配特定软件Workspace

  6. 可选安装FontAwesome

    默认配置

  7. $mod 模式

  1. Shift+$mod 模式

config

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set $alt Mod1
set $mod Mod4
# Font for window titles. Will also be used by the bar unless a different font
# is used in the bar {} block below.
font pango:monospace 8

tiling_drag modifier titlebar


# This font is widely installed, provides lots of unicode glyphs, right-to-left
# text rendering and scalability on retina/hidpi displays (thanks to pango).
#font pango:DejaVu Sans Mono 8

# Start XDG autostart .desktop files using dex. See also
# https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/XDG_Autostart
exec --no-startup-id dex --autostart --environment i3

# The combination of xss-lock, nm-applet and pactl is a popular choice, so
# they are included here as an example. Modify as you see fit.

# xss-lock grabs a logind suspend inhibit lock and will use i3lock to lock the
# screen before suspend. Use loginctl lock-session to lock your screen.
exec --no-startup-id xss-lock --transfer-sleep-lock -- i3lock --nofork

# NetworkManager is the most popular way to manage wireless networks on Linux,
# and nm-applet is a desktop environment-independent system tray GUI for it.
exec --no-startup-id nm-applet

# Use pactl to adjust volume in PulseAudio.
set $refresh_i3status killall -SIGUSR1 i3status
bindsym XF86AudioRaiseVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ +10% && $refresh_i3status
bindsym XF86AudioLowerVolume exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-volume @DEFAULT_SINK@ -10% && $refresh_i3status
bindsym XF86AudioMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-sink-mute @DEFAULT_SINK@ toggle && $refresh_i3status
bindsym XF86AudioMicMute exec --no-startup-id pactl set-source-mute @DEFAULT_SOURCE@ toggle && $refresh_i3status
bindsym $mod+$alt+l exec i3lock-fancy

# Use Mouse+$mod to drag floating windows to their wanted position
floating_modifier $mod
#tiling_drag $mod titlebar

#bindsym $mod+e exec --no-startup-id pcmanfm && $refresh_i3status
# start a terminal
bindsym $mod+Return exec i3-sensible-terminal
#bindsym $mod+Return exec alacritty

# kill focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+q kill

#bindsym $mod+d exec --no-startup-id dmenu_run
bindsym $mod+d exec "rofi -modi drun,run -show drun"

# change focus
bindsym $mod+j focus left
bindsym $mod+k focus down
bindsym $mod+l focus up
bindsym $mod+semicolon focus right

# move focused window
bindsym $mod+Shift+j move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+k move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+l move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+semicolon move right

# alternatively, you can use the cursor keys:
bindsym $mod+Shift+Left move left
bindsym $mod+Shift+Down move down
bindsym $mod+Shift+Up move up
bindsym $mod+Shift+Right move right

# split in horizontal orientation
bindsym $mod+h split h

# split in vertical orientation
bindsym $mod+v split v

# enter fullscreen mode for the focused container
bindsym $mod+f fullscreen toggle

# change container layout (stacked, tabbed, toggle split)
bindsym $mod+s layout stacking
bindsym $mod+t layout tabbed
bindsym $mod+w layout toggle split

# toggle tiling / floating
bindsym $mod+Shift+space floating toggle

# change focus between tiling / floating windows
bindsym $mod+space focus mode_toggle

# focus the parent container
bindsym $mod+a focus parent

# focus the child container
#bindsym $mod+d focus child

# Define names for default workspaces for which we configure key bindings later on.
# We use variables to avoid repeating the names in multiple places.
set $ws1 "1:"
set $ws2 "2:"
set $ws3 "3:"
set $ws4 "4"
set $ws5 "5"
set $ws6 "6"
set $ws7 "7"
set $ws8 "8"
set $ws9 "9"
set $ws10 "10"

# switch to workspace
bindsym $mod+1 workspace number $ws1
bindsym $mod+2 workspace number $ws2
bindsym $mod+3 workspace number $ws3
bindsym $mod+4 workspace number $ws4
bindsym $mod+5 workspace number $ws5
bindsym $mod+6 workspace number $ws6
bindsym $mod+7 workspace number $ws7
bindsym $mod+8 workspace number $ws8
bindsym $mod+9 workspace number $ws9
bindsym $mod+0 workspace number $ws10

# move focused container to workspace
bindsym $mod+Shift+1 move container to workspace number $ws1
bindsym $mod+Shift+2 move container to workspace number $ws2
bindsym $mod+Shift+3 move container to workspace number $ws3
bindsym $mod+Shift+4 move container to workspace number $ws4
bindsym $mod+Shift+5 move container to workspace number $ws5
bindsym $mod+Shift+6 move container to workspace number $ws6
bindsym $mod+Shift+7 move container to workspace number $ws7
bindsym $mod+Shift+8 move container to workspace number $ws8
bindsym $mod+Shift+9 move container to workspace number $ws9
bindsym $mod+Shift+0 move container to workspace number $ws10

# reload the configuration file
bindsym $mod+Shift+c reload
# restart i3 inplace (preserves your layout/session, can be used to upgrade i3)
bindsym $mod+Shift+r restart
# exit i3 (logs you out of your X session)
bindsym $mod+Shift+e exec "i3-nagbar -t warning -m 'You pressed the exit shortcut. Do you really want to exit i3? This will end your X session.' -B 'Yes, exit i3' 'i3-msg exit'"

mode "resize" {
        bindsym h resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym j resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym k resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym l resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt

        bindsym Left resize shrink width 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Down resize grow height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Up resize shrink height 10 px or 10 ppt
        bindsym Right resize grow width 10 px or 10 ppt

        bindsym Return mode "default"
        bindsym Escape mode "default"
        bindsym $mod+r mode "default"
}

bindsym $mod+r mode "resize"
bindsym $mod+e exec --no-startup-id nautilus
bindsym $mod+c exec --no-startup-id google-chrome
bindsym $mod+shift+z exec --no-startup-id ~/bin/ranger-run

bar {
    id my_bar
    status_command i3status --config ~/.config/i3/i3status --transparency
    position top
    font pango:FontAwesome
    colors {
        background #000000
        statusline #00FF00
        separator #B8F788
        separator #00FFFF
        focused_workspace #B8F788 #000000AA
        active_workspace #FFFFFF #FFFFFFAA
        inactive_workspace #AAAAAA #000000AA #AAAAAA
        urgent_workspace #E57B85 #000000AA
    }
}

assign [class="i3-sensible-terminal"] $ws1
assign [class="Firefox"] $ws2
assign [class="google-chrome"] $ws2
assign [class="google-chrome-stable"] $ws2
assign [class="chrome"] $ws2
assign [class="jetbrains-idea"] $ws3
assign [class="code"] $ws3

exec_always --no-startup-id picom -b
exec --no-startup-id "bash $HOME/Pictures/backgrounds/wallpaper.sh -d > $HOME/logs/wallpaper.log 2>&1"
bindsym --release $mod+z exec scrot -s "$HOME/Pictures/screenshots/%F_%T_$wx$h.png" -e 'xclip -selection clipboard -target image/png -i $f'

其他技巧

  1. 如何获取应用class, 命令行执行xprop, 点击程序界面即可看到命令行输出
  2. 某个键的code: xev
  3. 获取code map映射: xmodmap -pk